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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis

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Meniscal Extrusion: A Narrative Review.

Shreyash M Gajjar¹, Ketansinh P Solanki², Saseendar Shanmugasundaram³

¹Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India.

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

|November 15, 2021

Summary

Meniscal extrusion, or meniscus displacement, is a common MRI finding linked to knee osteoarthritis. Greater awareness and research are needed for better diagnosis and treatment of this often-overlooked condition.

Keywords:

knee meniscal extrusion meniscotibial ligament meniscus root tear osteoarthritis

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Published on: September 2, 2025

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Radiology
Sports Medicine

Background:

Meniscal extrusion, the external displacement of the meniscus, is a frequent yet underrecognized finding on knee MRI.
This condition disrupts knee biomechanics, potentially accelerating cartilage degeneration and leading to early osteoarthritis.
Existing literature presents inconsistencies regarding its definition, diagnosis, and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comprehensive review of the current literature on meniscal extrusion.
To synthesize information on its pathogenesis, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment.
To identify knowledge gaps and propose directions for future research.

Main Methods:

A narrative review methodology was employed.
A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Library databases.
Eighty-one studies were included in the final analysis.

Main Results:

The review identified significant ambiguity in the definition of meniscal extrusion.
Challenges in clinical diagnosis and a general lack of awareness regarding this condition were highlighted.
The review encompasses all facets of meniscal extrusion, including less-understood aspects.

Conclusions:

Meniscal extrusion is a common but poorly understood condition due to its often asymptomatic nature and limited awareness among orthopedic surgeons.
Further research is essential to improve the understanding and clinical management of meniscal extrusion.
Standardized diagnostic criteria and increased clinical awareness are crucial for addressing this issue.