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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells
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Targeting T cell metabolism for immunotherapy.

Jie Gao1, Yanbo Liu1, Jian Wei2

  • 1Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|November 15, 2021
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Summary

T cells are crucial for fighting tumors. Targeting their nutrient use and metabolic pathways can enhance their anti-tumor activity, offering a new strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:
T cellantitumor immunityimmunotherapymetabolic reprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • T cells are vital for antitumor immunity.
  • Nutrient metabolism regulates T cell numbers and function.
  • Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between T cell metabolism and function.
  • To highlight the metabolic state of tumor-infiltrating T cells.
  • To identify key metabolic pathways influencing T cell antitumor activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on T cell metabolism and antitumor immunity.
  • Analysis of metabolic pathways relevant to T cell function in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on targeting T cell metabolism for cancer immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • T cell metabolism significantly impacts their ability to combat tumors.
  • Tumor-infiltrating T cells exhibit distinct metabolic profiles.
  • Specific metabolic pathways are critical for maintaining T cell antitumor function.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic interventions represent a promising strategy to enhance T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.
  • Targeting T cell metabolism can augment the efficacy of existing cancer immunotherapies.
  • Further research into T cell metabolic reprogramming holds potential for novel cancer treatments.