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Genetics of Thoroughbred Racehorse Performance.

Ernest Bailey1, Jessica L Petersen2, Theodore S Kalbfleisch1

  • 1MH Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; email: ebailey@uky.edu, ted.kalbfleisch@uky.edu.

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Genetic variation for Thoroughbred racing performance persists despite 400 years of selection. New genomic tools reveal diverse genetic strategies contributing to athletic success in racehorses.

Keywords:
GWASartificial selectionathleteequinegenome-wide association studygenomicheritabilityracing

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics
  • Equine Science
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Thoroughbred horses have been selectively bred for racing for over 400 years.
  • Despite extensive selection, significant improvements in race times have plateaued in the last 60 years.
  • This raises questions about the existence of genetic variation for racing performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of genetic variation for racing performance in Thoroughbreds.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of traditional performance metrics versus genomic data.
  • To understand the genetic underpinnings of athletic success in racehorses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of traditional phenotypes (race time, earnings, handicapping).
  • Utilizing advanced genomic tools to identify DNA variants.
  • Correlating genetic variants with racing success and performance traits.

Main Results:

  • Traditional phenotypes indicate heritable variation but are imperfect measures of success.
  • Genomic analysis is identifying DNA variants associated with racing success.
  • Myostatin variants show strong associations with optimal racing distance, while other genomic regions have weaker associations.

Conclusions:

  • Diverse genetic strategies contribute to successful racehorses.
  • Genetic variation influencing athleticism remains crucial for racing performance.
  • Genomic approaches offer a more nuanced understanding of racing success compared to traditional metrics.