New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE): The Queen Square Neuro-ICU experience

The introduction and widespread adoption of the term 'NORSE' - new-onset refractory status epilepticus - raises both fundamental conceptual and pragmatic questions. We studied a cohort of patients with 'NORSE' at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery to investigate the clinical features, treatment responses, and outcomes with a focus on sub-group analysis. We identified 26 cases of 'NORSE'. There was no difference in prognosis between 'NORSE' and non-'NORSE' RSE, nor in any sub-analysis in the 'NORSE' cohort. We discuss the utility and validity of the term NORSE as a descriptor for a subgroup with RSE in whom the underlying etiologies are heterogeneous and pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown.