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This study shows how to retrieve Green's functions using ambient noise correlations, particularly for electromagnetic antennas in complex media. The findings confirm theoretical models with microwave experiments, enabling new antenna characterization methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Wave Propagation

Background:

  • Passive estimation of impulse responses via ambient noise correlations is gaining traction across multiple scientific fields.
  • The cross-correlation function, under noise field equipartition, approximates the difference between causal and anticausal Green's functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the convergence of the cross-correlation function when using antennas as receiving probes in complex electromagnetic media.
  • To propose a theoretical framework for understanding Green's function retrieval in electromagnetism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the scattering matrix formalism for theoretical analysis.
  • Employed microwave measurements in a mode-stirred reverberation chamber for experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Developed an analytical approach based on scattering matrices to explore cross-correlation function convergence.
  • Confirmed theoretical predictions for chaotic systems through experimental measurements.
  • Demonstrated the applicability of Green's function retrieval to electromagnetic systems.

Conclusions:

  • The study offers fundamental insights into the Green's function retrieval technique.
  • Paves the way for novel methods to characterize electromagnetic antennas using ambient noise.