Coronal Malalignment-When and How to Perform a Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy.

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomechanics
• Joint Reconstruction

Background:

• Patellofemoral malalignment can lead to joint instability, pain, and overload.
• Distal realignment procedures, including osteotomies, are used for patient-specific treatment.
• Understanding complex pathoanatomy is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the role of tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) in managing patellofemoral issues.
• To emphasize TTO as a tool for improving joint biomechanics and off-loading injuries.
• To discuss the evolution and benefits of current TTO techniques.

Main Methods:

• Review of distal realignment procedures, focusing on uniplanar and multiplanar osteotomies.
• Emphasis on understanding osseous, soft tissue, and dynamic muscular factors in pathoanatomy.
• Application of appropriately designed tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO).

Main Results:

• Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is an invaluable tool for orthopedic surgeons.
• Patient-specific TTO improves joint biomechanics.
• Current TTO techniques minimize complications and yield good results.

Conclusions:

• Careful understanding of complex pathoanatomy enables effective TTO.
• Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is a key procedure for improving patellofemoral joint function.
• Modern TTO surgical approaches enhance outcomes and limit complications.