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Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Published on: May 19, 2020

SARS-CoV-2 involvement in central nervous system tissue damage.

Muhammad Ali Haidar¹, Zaynab Shakkour¹, Mohammad Amine Reslan¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

Neural Regeneration Research

|November 16, 2021

Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect the brain, causing neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients. This overview explores direct and indirect pathways of SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and its neurological effects.

Keywords:

CNS infection COVID-19 autoantibodies coagulopathy encephalitis neuroinflammation renin-angiotensin system viral encephalopathy

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Virology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has highlighted its ability to affect multiple organs, including the central nervous system.
Clinical observations indicate a spectrum of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients, from headaches to cerebrovascular events.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 neurological infections.
To elucidate the potential direct and indirect mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 impacts the brain.

Main Methods:

Review of existing clinical studies and research findings on SARS-CoV-2 neurological involvement.
Analysis of proposed pathways for viral entry into the brain and associated pathophysiological processes.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 can invade the brain directly via the bloodstream or neural pathways, with viral material detected in cerebrospinal fluid and brain cells.
Indirect mechanisms, such as coagulopathy and systemic immune activation, contribute to neurological damage.

Conclusions:

SARS-CoV-2 neurological infection is a significant aspect of COVID-19, driven by both direct viral invasion and indirect inflammatory and thrombotic processes.
Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing neurological complications in COVID-19 patients.