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Exploring arterial tissue microstructural organization using non-Gaussian diffusion magnetic resonance schemes.

Syed Salman Shahid1,2, Robert D Johnston3,4, Celine Smekens3,4

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Higher-order diffusion MRI schemes effectively map arterial microstructure changes. These advanced techniques differentiate between collagen and smooth muscle cell contributions in arterial tissue, crucial for understanding vascular health.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Arterial tissue microstructure is critical for vascular function.
  • Understanding the roles of collagen and smooth muscle cells (SMC) in arterial alterations is essential.
  • Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) offers insights into tissue microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize arterial microstructural changes using higher-order dMRI schemes.
  • To differentiate the contributions of collagen and SMC to diffusion signal attenuation.
  • To assess the sensitivity of various dMRI models to arterial composition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three porcine carotid artery models: native, collagenase-treated, and decellularized.
  • Acquired high-resolution, multi-shell diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) at 7T.
  • Applied monoexponential, stretched-exponential, kurtosis, and bi-exponential fitting schemes to DWIs.

Main Results:

  • Significant microstructural differences were observed across the three artery models.
  • The bi-exponential scheme's slow diffusion compartment (Ds) was highest in the absence of collagen.
  • Kurtosis measurements were highest along the radial direction within models.

Conclusions:

  • Higher-order dMRI schemes are effective in mapping constituent-specific alterations in arterial microstructure.
  • These advanced dMRI techniques can distinguish the impact of collagen and SMC on diffusion signals.
  • The study highlights the potential of dMRI for non-invasive assessment of vascular tissue composition.