Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

21.8K
Overview
21.8K
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

10.1K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
10.1K
Bacterial Phylum Cyanobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Cyanobacteria

162
Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of oxygenic, phototrophic bacteria that played a pivotal role in converting Earth’s atmosphere from anoxic to oxygen-rich billions of years ago. They exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, ranging from unicellular forms to filamentous types, with cell sizes varying between 0.5 μm and 100 μm. Cyanobacteria are classified into five groups: Chroococcales (unicellular, dividing by binary fission), Pleurocapsales (unicellular, dividing by...
162
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature01:27

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature

430
Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...
430
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

25.0K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
25.0K
Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

302
Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
302

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoding coral resistance to eutrophication through the association of hyper‑efficient denitrifiers as key microbial allies.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Trait-based signatures associated with persistence and thermal benefit in a genomically decayed coral probiotic.

The ISME journal·2026
Same author

Noncanonical genetic markers resolve the pre-GOE emergence of aerobic bacteria in Earth's history.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Dating the Bacterial Tree of Life Based on Ancient Symbiosis.

Systematic biology·2025
Same author

Dating Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria with Abundant Eukaryotic Fossils.

Molecular biology and evolution·2024
Same author

The coral microbiome in sickness, in health and in a changing world.

Nature reviews. Microbiology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression
08:15

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.5K

Snowball Earth, population bottleneck and Prochlorococcus evolution.

Hao Zhang1,2, Ying Sun2, Qinglu Zeng3

  • 1Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|November 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The most abundant marine microbes, Prochlorococcus, underwent genome reduction during the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event. This ancient climate catastrophe drove adaptations crucial for their survival and current ecological dominance.

Keywords:
Neoproterozoic Snowball EarthProchlorococcusgenome reductionmolecular dating

More Related Videos

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

1.2K
Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential
14:38

Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential

Published on: April 20, 2012

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression
08:15

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression

Published on: July 28, 2023

1.5K
Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
06:10

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

1.2K
Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential
14:38

Establishment of Microbial Eukaryotic Enrichment Cultures from a Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lake and Assessment of Carbon Fixation Potential

Published on: April 20, 2012

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Paleoclimatology

Background:

  • Prochlorococcus are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in the ocean.
  • They possess highly reduced genomes, enhancing nutrient and light absorption.
  • The environmental drivers of this genome reduction were previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the environmental conditions that shaped the early genome reduction of Prochlorococcus.
  • To understand the evolutionary adaptations of Prochlorococcus to extreme environmental changes.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular clock analyses to date the genome reduction event.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of gene evolution to infer metabolic adaptations.
  • Reconstruction of environmental conditions during the Neoproterozoic.

Main Results:

  • Prochlorococcus genome reduction occurred during the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event.
  • Extreme cold and low light caused population bottlenecks and accumulated mutations.
  • Key adaptations include modified cell walls, altered circadian clocks, and ammonia diffusion for nitrogen acquisition.

Conclusions:

  • The Snowball Earth event was a critical factor in shaping Prochlorococcus's reduced genome and unique metabolic strategies.
  • These ancient adaptations are fundamental to their success as dominant primary producers in modern oceans.