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Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
Published on: February 14, 2025
Nano-engineered immune cells as "guided missiles" for cancer therapy
Tingrui Zhang1, Zongguang Tai2, Zhen Cui2
1Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, PR China; Shanghai University, Kaminooji no.99, Shanghai 201900, PR China.
Abstract:
Immune cells can actively regulate tumors or inflammatory sites and have good biocompatibility and safety. Currently, they are one of the most promising candidates for drug delivery systems. Moreover, immune cells can significantly extend the circulation time of nanoparticles and have broad-spectrum tumor-targeting properties. This article first introduces the immune cell types most commonly used in recent years, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, and elucidates their application in anti-tumor therapy. Next, the various ways of loading nanoparticles on immune cells that have been used in recent years are summarized and simply divided into two categories: backpacks and Trojan horses. Finally, the two "mountains" that stand in front of us when using immune cells as cell carriers, off-target problems and effective release strategies, are discussed.
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