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Updated: Oct 13, 2025
Using Magnetometry to Monitor Cellular Incorporation and Subsequent Biodegradation of Chemically Synthetized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Published on: February 27, 2021
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characteristics and Historical Developments to Commercialization for
Hossein Etemadi1, Jenna K Buchanan1, Nadia G Kandile2
1School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Abstract:
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained increasing attention in various biomedical and industrial sectors due to their physicochemical and magnetic properties. In the biomedical field, IONPs are being developed for enzyme/protein immobilization, magnetofection, cell labeling, DNA detection, and tissue engineering. However, in some established areas, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic drug targeting (MDT), magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and magnetic particle imaging (MPI), IONPs have crossed from the research bench, received clinical approval, and have been commercialized. Additionally, in industrial sectors IONP-based fluids (ferrofluids) have been marketed in electronic and mechanical devices for some time. This review explores the historical evolution of IONPs to their current state in biomedical and industrial applications.
