Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

2.7K
2.7K
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

4.3K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
4.3K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

3.2K
3.2K
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

854
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
854
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

41.3K
Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
41.3K
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

49.2K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
49.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A global map for introgressed structural variation and selection in humans.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Lift&Add-rapid and robust addition of new species to alignments of conserved non-coding sequences.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Mapping the gene regulatory landscape of archaic hominin introgression in modern Papuans.

PLoS genetics·2026
Same author

Gene regulatory dynamics during craniofacial development in a carnivorous marsupial.

eLife·2025
Same author

Whole blood transcriptomics analysis of Indonesians reveals translocated and pathogenic microbiota in blood.

PloS one·2025
Same author

A global map for introgressed structural variation and selection in humans.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens
13:03

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens

Published on: March 8, 2018

10.8K

Genetic Diversity in Chimpanzee Transcriptomics Does Not Represent Wild Populations.

Navya Shukla1,2, Bobbie Shaban2, Irene Gallego Romero1,2,3,4

  • 1School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|November 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Publicly available chimpanzee RNA sequencing data primarily represents Western chimpanzees and a limited number of individuals. This limits the genetic diversity captured in comparative transcriptomics research.

Keywords:
RNA-seqchimpanzeegenetic diversitygenotyping

More Related Videos

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

29.7K
Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
13:13

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques

Published on: September 25, 2018

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens
13:03

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens

Published on: March 8, 2018

10.8K
Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

29.7K
Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
13:13

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques

Published on: September 25, 2018

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Primate Genetics

Background:

  • Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are crucial models for human evolution due to their genetic proximity to humans.
  • Comparative transcriptomics studies analyze gene expression differences between humans and chimpanzees to understand phenotypic variations.
  • Publicly available chimpanzee RNA sequencing data lacks subspecies and individual identification in metadata, hindering accurate diversity assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the subspecies and individual genetic diversity within public chimpanzee RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples.
  • To assess the representativeness of current transcriptomic data for wild chimpanzee genetic diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 486 public RNA-seq samples from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA).
  • Application of multiple population genetics approaches to determine subspecies and individual genetic diversity.
  • Identification of distinct individuals and exclusion of close relatives to refine unique donor counts.

Main Results:

  • Nearly all analyzed samples (96.6%) showed some degree of Western chimpanzee ancestry.
  • A total of 135 genetically distinct individuals were identified, reduced to 89 after excluding likely relatives.
  • The current public transcriptomic data captures limited genetic diversity compared to wild chimpanzee populations.

Conclusions:

  • Publicly available chimpanzee transcriptomic datasets are heavily skewed towards Western chimpanzee subspecies and a restricted number of individuals.
  • This limited genetic diversity in current data necessitates caution when interpreting comparative transcriptomics findings related to human evolution.
  • Future research should aim to incorporate a broader representation of chimpanzee subspecies and individuals to enhance the biological relevance of comparative studies.