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Related Concept Videos

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus
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Lithium neurotoxicity with electroencephalogram changes.

Hui Jan Tan1, Kuan Yee Lim2, Rathika Rajah2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia tanhuijan@ukm.edu.my.

BMJ Case Reports
|November 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium toxicity can cause severe neurological issues. Hemodialysis effectively removed lithium in a case of neurotoxicity with EEG changes, reversing symptoms.

Keywords:
neurology (drugs and medicines)psychiatry (drugs and medicines)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Lithium is a crucial medication for bipolar disorder, but its narrow therapeutic index poses a risk of toxicity.
  • Lithium toxicity frequently impacts the central nervous system, manifesting as serious neuropsychiatric complications.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with lithium neurotoxicity, characterized by significant electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities.
  • The neurotoxicity symptoms were directly linked to elevated lithium levels.

Findings:

  • Hemodialysis was implemented as a treatment strategy for severe lithium toxicity.
  • The procedure successfully removed lithium from the bloodstream, leading to the resolution of EEG abnormalities.

Implications:

  • This case highlights hemodialysis as a vital intervention for managing severe lithium-induced neurotoxicity.
  • Effective lithium clearance via hemodialysis can reverse potentially devastating neurological sequelae.
  • Early recognition and intervention with hemodialysis are critical in cases of lithium toxicity with CNS involvement.