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Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

What is Climate?

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.

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What is Weather?

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Published on: October 28, 2022

Widespread changes in surface temperature persistence under climate change.

Jingyuan Li¹, David W J Thompson^2,3

¹Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

|November 18, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change significantly alters surface temperature persistence, impacting weather event duration. Understanding these changes is crucial for ecosystems and society.

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Last Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Published on: October 28, 2022

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Published on: November 18, 2022

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Area of Science:

Climate Science
Atmospheric Science
Environmental Science

Background:

Global climate change is causing widespread alterations in surface temperature patterns, including mean increases and regional variance shifts.
The impact of weather events on ecosystems and society is critically dependent on their duration, making temperature persistence a key factor.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how surface temperature persistence changes in response to climate change throughout the twenty-first century.
To analyze the robustness and physical drivers of these changes in temperature persistence.

Main Methods:

Utilized output from 150 simulations across four distinct Earth system models.
Incorporated simulations from simplified models with varied radiative processes and large-scale dynamics.

Main Results:

Climate change simulations exhibit widespread alterations in surface temperature persistence.
These changes are most pronounced and robust over ocean regions.
A broad spectrum of physical processes appears to drive these shifts in persistence.

Conclusions:

Widespread changes in surface temperature persistence under climate change are robust.
There is a critical need for improved understanding, simulation, and constraint of these persistence changes.