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Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:
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Needle-Free Jet Injectors' Geometry Design and Drug Diffusion Process Analysis.

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Needle-free jet injectors (NFJIs) deliver drugs subcutaneously. Numerical simulations show conical nozzles enhance drug penetration depth but slow reverse spread.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Needle-free jet injectors (NFJIs) offer an alternative to traditional needles for subcutaneous drug delivery.
  • Understanding drug diffusion in subcutaneous tissue is crucial for optimizing NFJI performance.
  • Nozzle geometry significantly impacts the injection and subsequent diffusion dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drug injection and diffusion process in subcutaneous tissue using NFJIs.
  • To analyze the influence of different nozzle geometries on drug diffusion patterns.
  • To compare drug diffusion characteristics between cylindrical and other nozzle types.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the drug diffusion process.
  • The study focused on NFJIs with a cylindrical nozzle initially.
  • Subsequent analyses compared diffusion with varying nozzle geometries.

Main Results:

  • Drug diffusion in subcutaneous tissue was observed to form an ellipsoid shape.
  • Conical and combined conical-cylindrical nozzles resulted in deeper drug penetration.
  • Reverse spread of the drug to the skin-subcutaneous tissue interface was slower with these advanced nozzles.

Conclusions:

  • Nozzle geometry is a critical factor influencing drug diffusion in NFJIs.
  • Conical nozzle designs show potential for improved subcutaneous drug delivery depth.
  • Further research into NFJI nozzle optimization can enhance therapeutic outcomes.