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The experience of drowning.

Michael Tipton1, Hugh Montgomery2

  • 1Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health & Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.

The Medico-Legal Journal
|November 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Drowning is a major cause of accidental death, impacting legal cases. Understanding the stages, duration, and experiences of drowning is crucial for assessing legal outcomes and compensation.

Keywords:
Drowningcold waterpathophysiologypsychophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic science
  • Accident investigation
  • Legal medicine

Background:

  • Drowning is a significant global cause of accidental death.
  • It frequently becomes a central issue in legal proceedings.
  • Determining compensation in drowning cases often hinges on the 'pain and suffering' experienced.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological and subjective responses during drowning.
  • To analyze the duration of each stage of the drowning process.
  • To provide insights relevant to legal cases involving drowning.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on drowning physiology and phenomenology.
  • Analysis of existing research on the stages and duration of drowning.
  • Synthesis of information pertinent to legal 'pain and suffering' assessments.

Main Results:

  • Identification of distinct stages within the drowning process.
  • Characterization of the temporal and experiential aspects of each stage.
  • Understanding the physiological and psychological impact on victims.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of drowning stages is essential for legal evaluations.
  • The duration and subjective experience of drowning significantly influence legal outcomes.
  • This review provides a foundation for assessing drowning-related 'pain and suffering'.