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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

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Published on: June 20, 2019

ABC and ABAB Block Copolymers by Electrochemically Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization.

Zachary C Hern¹, Stephanie M Quan¹, Ruxi Dai¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|November 18, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an electrochemically controlled method for synthesizing multiblock copolymers. This technique uses redox state changes in a catalyst to control monomer selection, enabling the creation of complex polymer architectures in one pot.

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Organometallic Chemistry
Electrochemistry

Background:

Multiblock copolymers offer unique material properties but their synthesis can be complex.
Controlled polymerization techniques are crucial for designing advanced polymer architectures.
Catalyst redox state manipulation presents a novel approach to controlling polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To report an electrochemically controlled synthesis of multiblock copolymers.
To demonstrate the use of alternating catalyst redox states for selective monomer incorporation.
To prepare various multiblock copolymer structures using a one-pot method.

Main Methods:

Electrochemical synthesis using a glassy carbon working electrode.
In situ potential switching to alter catalyst oxidation state.
Sequential addition of monomers (l-lactide, β-butyrolactone, cyclohexene oxide).

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized various multiblock copolymers, including ABAB tetrablock and ABC triblock structures.
Achieved control over monomer selectivity by modulating the catalyst's redox state.
Produced polymers with moderately narrow dispersities (1.1-1.5) and molecular weights from 7 to 26 kDa.

Conclusions:

Electrochemical control offers a viable and versatile method for synthesizing multiblock copolymers.
This technique allows for precise control over polymer architecture and composition.
The method is comparable to traditional chemical redox reagent approaches.