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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Renaissance for Phage-Based Bacterial Control.

Cory Schwarz1,2, Jacques Mathieu1,2, Jenny A Laverde Gomez1,2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.

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|November 18, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophages (phages) offer powerful, chemical-free solutions for pathogen control and microbiome editing. Advances in sequencing and synthetic biology are expanding their use for functional improvements in various industries.

Keywords:
bacteriophageschemical-free disinfectionindirect targetingmicrobiome editingpathogen control

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria and are an underutilized biological resource.
  • Phage research is rapidly expanding in biomedical and agricultural fields, yet adoption is limited in other sectors.
  • Converging advances in technology are poised to broaden phage applications beyond pathogen control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the expanding applications of bacteriophages beyond traditional pathogen control.
  • To highlight the potential of phages in microbiome editing for functional improvements.
  • To discuss the integration of sequencing, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology for novel phage applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advancements in DNA sequencing and network analysis to identify and disrupt microbial associations.
  • Employing bioinformatics to facilitate the use of temperate phages for gene delivery.
  • Integrating synthetic biology to engineer novel phage chassis and genetic components.

Main Results:

  • Sequencing and network analysis enable precise manipulation of microbial communities for desired functional outcomes.
  • Phages can be used to indirectly modulate species abundance and target key microbial species.
  • Synthetic biology offers pathways to create innovative phage-based tools.

Conclusions:

  • Significant challenges impeding widespread phage use are being addressed with workable solutions.
  • Phage-based biocontrol and microbiome editing are emerging for public health, food security, and sustainable industries.
  • A new era of precise, chemical-free microbial modulation using phages is on the horizon.