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Updated: Oct 13, 2025
Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
Published on: October 30, 2013
Genomic Sequencing for Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinical Implications for Immunotherapy
Ryul Kim1, Jung Yong Hong1, Jeeyun Lee1
1Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Purpose:
This study aimed to explore the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of bladder cancer (BC) and its implication for treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI).
Materials And Methods:
We analyzed whole-exome and -transcriptome sequences of tumor samples from 64 BC patients who underwent surgical resection with either transurethral resection or radical cystectomy. For exploratory purposes, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was evaluated in a subset of patients (n=57) including those treated with ICI (n=8).
Results:
We identified frequent molecular dysregulations in chromatin regulatory genes (KDM6A, ARID1A, MLL2, and STAG2) and recurrent copy number alterations. Thirty-five samples (54.7%) were PD-L1-positive (PD-L1 combined positive score ≥ 1) with a significantly higher exonic tumor mutational burden (TMB) compared to PD-L1-negative BC samples (p=0.010). We observed that various immune-responsive pathways, including the PD-L1 signaling pathway, were enriched significantly in PD-L1-positive BCs. Interestingly, genes in the CTLA4 pathway were enriched significantly in PD-L1-positive BC as well. Among eight patients who received ICI, progressive disease was confirmed in one patient, whose tumor had low exonic TMB, negative PD-L1 status, and a relatively colder microenvironment.
Conclusion:
Gaining new insights into the molecular landscape of BC will improve treatment strategies. Our analysis suggests a rationale for studying dual checkpoint inhibition against BC.
