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Related Concept Videos

Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.6K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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The Hall Effect01:30

The Hall Effect

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Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
375
Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:28

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

5.1K
Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
5.1K
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements
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Seebeck effect in nanomagnets.

Dmitry V Fedorov1,2,3, Martin Gradhand4,5, Katarina Tauber2

  • 1Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|November 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a theory for the Seebeck effect in nanomagnets, revealing how spin accumulation from temperature gradients impacts thermopower. This is crucial for understanding nanoscale magnetic materials.

Keywords:
Boltzmann equationDFTSeebeck effectsemiclassical transportspin-dependent transportspin–orbit couplingtransverse transport

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The Seebeck effect describes thermoelectric energy conversion in magnetic materials.
  • Understanding thermoelectric properties in nanomagnets is essential for advanced electronic devices.
  • Spin accumulation effects in nanoscale magnets are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a theoretical framework for the Seebeck effect in nanomagnets.
  • To investigate the influence of spin accumulation on thermopower.
  • To identify and quantify additional contributing effects in nanoscale magnetic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical model for the Seebeck effect in nanomagnets.
  • Incorporation of spin accumulation effects due to temperature gradients.
  • Inclusion of corrections from the anomalous Ettingshausen effect and spin-heat accumulation gradients.
  • Utilizing *ab initio* calculations for validation.

Main Results:

  • Spin accumulation significantly influences thermopower in nanomagnets smaller than the spin diffusion length.
  • A correction to the thermopower is identified, arising from transverse temperature gradients and spin-heat accumulation.
  • Theoretical predictions are supported by *ab initio* calculations on dilute magnetic alloys.

Conclusions:

  • The presented theory provides a comprehensive understanding of the Seebeck effect in nanomagnets.
  • Spin-related phenomena play a critical role in the thermoelectric properties of nanoscale magnetic materials.
  • These findings are relevant for the design and application of novel thermoelectric nanomaterials.