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Updates in Pediatric Tuberculosis in International Settings

Sadia Shakoor1, Fatima Mir2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Section of Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Supariwala Building, PO Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|November 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is underreported globally due to systemic barriers. Addressing this requires improved policies and multisectoral efforts for better diagnosis and treatment in children.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is significantly underreported and underrepresented in global statistics.
  • Numerous health system, diagnostic, and community barriers contribute to an underdetected epidemic of childhood TB.
  • Despite advancements, a critical gap persists in high-burden countries regarding active case detection and early management of TB in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the underreporting of childhood tuberculosis globally.
  • To identify key barriers contributing to the underdetection of TB in children.
  • To emphasize the need for policy and practice improvements in high-burden countries for childhood TB.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review and synthesis of existing data and literature on childhood tuberculosis.
  • Analysis of global TB statistics and reports focusing on pediatric cases.
  • Identification and categorization of barriers to diagnosis and treatment in children.

Main Results:

  • Childhood TB is consistently underreported, leading to an underestimated disease burden.
  • Significant barriers exist within healthcare systems, diagnostics, and communities, hindering detection.
  • Missed opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of TB infection and disease in children are prevalent in high-burden settings.

Conclusions:

  • Multisectoral coordination and political commitment are essential to bridge the gap in childhood TB care.
  • Research and innovation are crucial for developing scalable solutions to improve childhood TB detection and management.
  • Addressing the underreporting of childhood TB requires a concerted, multi-faceted approach.

Keywords:
Childhood TBDS-TBHBCsLMICsLTBI in childrenPaucibacillaryPolicy-practice gapsTB diagnostics

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