Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

504
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
504
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

917
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
917
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

1.8K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
1.8K
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

2.6K
Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
2.6K
Language Development01:22

Language Development

529
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
529
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

631
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
631

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A practical framework for discussing sudden unexpected death in epilepsy with patients and families: Resolving the communication gap.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Factors associated with rapid pediatric acute seizure emergency treatment: Quality Improvement in Time to Treat Status Epilepticus baseline cohort.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Characterizing Onset Limit and Surgical Outcome Factors in Type II Focal Cortical Dysplasia-Related Epilepsy.

Neurology. Clinical practice·2026
Same author

Sex-related structural alterations across common epilepsies: a worldwide ENIGMA study.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Thalamo-Lesional Connectivity Signatures of Bilateral Tonic-Clonic Seizures in Focal Cortical Dysplasia-Related Epilepsy.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Executive Functioning in Single-Sided Deafness: A Pediatric Comparison with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms
08:36

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

Published on: March 21, 2019

7.4K

Functional Connectivity as a Potential Mechanism for Language Plasticity.

Alyssa S Ailion1, Xiaozhen You2, Juma S Mbwana2

  • 1From the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology (A.S.A.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Departments of Neurology (X.Y., J.S.M., E.J.F., M.K., W.D.G.) and Neuropsychology (L.N.S., M.M.B.), Children's National Hospital; and Department of Psychology (C.J.V.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC. alyssa.ailion@childrens.harvard.edu.

Neurology
|November 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Resting-state functional connectivity (RS fMRI) reveals differences in the developing language network of children with epilepsy compared to typically developing children. Disease location and age influence these connectivity patterns, offering insights into brain plasticity.

More Related Videos

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

17.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms
08:36

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms

Published on: March 21, 2019

7.4K
A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

17.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Task-based functional MRI (fMRI) is used for language lateralization but has limitations.
  • Additional methods are needed for precise presurgical language mapping, especially regarding network plasticity.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity (RS fMRI) offers a complementary approach to assess language networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in language resting-state functional connectivity (RS fMRI) between typically developing (TD) children and children with epilepsy.
  • To determine how the location of epilepsy foci (frontal vs. temporal) impacts functional connectivity (FC).
  • To explore the relationship between age and FC within the language network in these groups.

Main Methods:

  • RS fMRI data were acquired from 55 TD children and 31 children with focal epilepsy.
  • Functional connectivity (FC) maps were computed for intrahemispheric (integration) and interhemispheric (segregation) connections.
  • An FC laterality index (FCLI) was calculated for frontal and temporal regions to quantify integration (FCLIi) and segregation (FCLIs).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in frontal and temporal FCLIi were observed between TD children and those with epilepsy.
  • Epilepsy foci location notably affected FC, with frontal foci showing larger differences from TD controls.
  • Age had opposing effects on FCLIi: decreasing with age in frontal foci and increasing with age in temporal foci.

Conclusions:

  • RS fMRI-based FC reflects network plasticity, adaptation, and compensation in children with epilepsy.
  • FC provides valuable information complementary to task-based fMRI for understanding language network organization.
  • These findings support the use of FC for enhanced presurgical language mapping and understanding disease-related brain changes.