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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Assessing Resolvability and Consistency in OBO Foundry Ontologies: Pilot Study.

Shuxin Zhang¹, Nirupama Benis¹, Ronald Cornet¹

¹Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

|November 19, 2021

Summary

Ontology interoperability issues were found in the OBO Foundry library, BFO, and CIDO, including nonresolvable URIs and inconsistent axioms. These problems hinder machine readability, despite appearing minor to humans.

Keywords:

Assessment Interoperability OBO Foundry Ontologies

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Informatics
Knowledge Representation
Ontology Engineering

Background:

Ontologies in the Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry are frequently reused.
However, their interoperability, crucial for machine processing, is not well-understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the interoperability of ontologies within the OBO Foundry library, specifically the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and the Common Information Domain Ontology (CIDO).
The study focused on assessing URI resolvability and axiom consistency.

Main Methods:

Automated assessment of URI resolvability.
Analysis of axiom consistency, including prefix usage and property application.

Main Results:

All evaluated ontologies, including the OBO library, BFO, and CIDO, exhibited nonresolvable URIs.
The OBO library and CIDO presented further interoperability challenges, such as incorrect prefixes and inconsistent property usage.

Conclusions:

Identified issues, while subtle to humans, significantly impede the machine-processability of ontologies.
The automated assessment methodology allows for scalable evaluation of more ontologies and metrics in future work.