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Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 in Children: A Review

Libo Wang1, Gan Li1, Chang Yuan1

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

International Journal of General Medicine
|November 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be asymptomatic but still transmit the virus. This review covers COVID-19 in children, including epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents unique challenges in pediatric populations.
  • While often mild or asymptomatic in children, they act as significant reservoirs and vectors for viral transmission.
  • Serious complications like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) highlight the need for focused research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the current understanding of COVID-19 in children.
  • To consolidate information on epidemiological, mechanistic, and clinical aspects of pediatric COVID-19.
  • To aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and further research concerning SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of epidemiological characteristics.
  • Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variant features in relation to pediatric infections.
  • Review of clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies for pediatric COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Children exhibit diverse clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe disease, including MIS-C.
  • Pediatric patients play a crucial role in community transmission dynamics.
  • Current research on pediatric COVID-19 remains incomplete, necessitating ongoing investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the specific epidemiology and clinical spectrum of COVID-19 in children is vital.
  • Children's role as asymptomatic carriers and potential for severe complications like MIS-C requires attention.
  • Further research is essential to refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Keywords:
COVID-19childrenclinical manifestationsmutationtreatment

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