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Researchers achieved efficient microwave-to-optical signal conversion with minimal thermal noise, crucial for quantum networks. This breakthrough uses an on-chip electro-opto-mechanical device operating at the quantum groundstate.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Telecommunications

Background:

  • Efficient microwave-to-optical signal conversion is vital for classical telecommunication and quantum networks.
  • Existing mechanical transducers for quantum applications suffer from substantial thermal noise.
  • Minimizing added classical noise is critical for quantum applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate coherent microwave-to-optical signal conversion with minimal added thermal noise.
  • To overcome the thermal noise limitations of previous conversion methods.
  • To enable the connection of superconducting quantum computers into a global quantum network.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an integrated, on-chip electro-opto-mechanical device.
  • Coupled surface acoustic waves (driven by microwave signals) to an optomechanical crystal.
  • Initialized the mechanical mode in its quantum groundstate for low-noise operation.
  • Achieved optomechanical cooperativity >1 for efficient photon upconversion.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated coherent conversion between GHz microwave signals and the optical telecom band.
  • Achieved a thermal background of less than one phonon, significantly reducing noise.
  • Verified the preservation of microwave signal coherence during transduction.
  • Successfully upconverted microwave photons to the optical domain with high efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The developed on-chip device enables high-fidelity microwave-to-optical conversion with unprecedentedly low thermal noise.
  • This technology is a significant step towards building robust quantum networks and connecting quantum computers.
  • The method overcomes previous limitations, paving the way for advanced quantum communication.