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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

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Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
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Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule02:17

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule

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If a set of reactants can yield multiple constitutional isomers, but one of the isomers is obtained as the major product, the reaction is said to be regioselective. In such reactions, bond formation or breaking is favored at one reaction site over others.
The hydrohalogenation of an unsymmetrical alkene can yield two haloalkane products, depending on which vinylic carbon takes up the halogen. However, one product usually predominates, where hydrogen adds to the vinylic carbon bearing the...
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Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions02:17

Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions

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Synthesis and decomposition are two types of redox reactions. Synthesis means to make something, whereas decomposition means to break something. The reactions are accompanied by chemical and energy changes. 
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Limitations of Friedel–Crafts Reactions01:26

Limitations of Friedel–Crafts Reactions

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Several restrictions limit the use of Friedel–Crafts reactions. First, the halogen in the alkyl halide must be attached to an sp3-hybridized carbon for the Friedel–Crafts reactions to occur. Vinyl or aryl halides do not react since the carbocations formed are unstable under the reaction conditions. Second, Friedel–Crafts alkylation is susceptible to carbocation rearrangement, and the major products obtained have a rearranged carbon skeleton. In contrast, the acylium ion is...
5.8K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

4.1K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
4.1K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.8K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
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Novel Reagent Space: Identifying Unorderable but Readily Synthesizable Building Blocks.

Mark Seierstad1, Mark S Tichenor1, Renee L DesJarlais2

  • 1Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States.

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
|November 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to access novel chemical structures for drug discovery. This approach expands the available reagents by nearly tripling the collection, enabling exploration of vast virtual chemical space.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Chemical Synthesis
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Commercially available drug discovery building blocks represent a limited portion of the feasible chemical space.
  • Existing tools primarily facilitate searching known reagents, neglecting the vast potential of unexplored chemical structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel procedure for assembling synthetically accessible, yet commercially unavailable, chemical structures.
  • To expand the repertoire of reagents for medicinal chemistry exploration and hit generation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a procedure to design and assemble novel chemical structures from readily available building blocks.
  • Utilizing a single, robust chemical transformation for synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a method to access a significant virtual chemical space of potential drug discovery reagents.
  • Nearly tripled the number of available reagents with 10 or fewer atoms in the curated collection.

Conclusions:

  • The described procedure significantly enhances the curated collection of reagents for drug discovery.
  • This approach unlocks access to a vast virtual chemical space, accelerating novel hit generation and medicinal chemistry exploration.