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Related Concept Videos

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Evaluating older adults with cognitive dysfunction: A qualitative study with emergency clinicians.

Anita N Chary1,2,3,4,5, Noelle Castilla-Ojo6, Christopher Joshi7

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|November 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Emergency clinicians face challenges obtaining collateral information from older adults with cognitive dysfunction, including caregiver availability and documentation issues, which were worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
COVID-19cognitive dysfunctioncollateral informationdeliriumgeriatric emergency medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Emergency Medicine
  • Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults
  • Delirium Detection

Background:

  • Evaluating older adults with cognitive dysfunction in emergency departments (EDs) necessitates collateral information beyond patient self-reporting.
  • Understanding clinician challenges in gathering this information is crucial for improving geriatric emergency care and delirium detection.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic introduced new complexities to this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore emergency clinicians' experiences obtaining collateral information on older adults with cognitive dysfunction.
  • To compare these experiences before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 emergency physicians and advanced practice providers.
  • Interviews took place in urban academic and community hospitals in the Northeast United States.
  • Interview transcripts were analyzed using a combined deductive-inductive approach to identify dominant themes.

Main Results:

  • Five primary challenges were identified: caregiver availability, source reliability, language barriers, time constraints, and incomplete transfer documentation.
  • All identified challenges were perceived by participants.
  • Challenges related to transfer documentation were notably amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency clinician perspectives are vital for developing interventions.
  • Supporting caregiver presence at the bedside can improve care.
  • Standardized communication tools are needed to enhance delirium recognition and overall geriatric emergency care.