Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.2K

Role of NRF2 and Sirtuin activators in COVID-19

Hasnat Khan1, Shivangi Patel1, Anuradha Majumdar1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400098, India.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|November 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Investigating novel COVID-19 treatments, this study explores the roles of TMPRSS2, ACE2, NRF2, and Sirtuins. Activating NRF2 and SIRT pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies for ameliorating COVID-19 symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • COVID-19 pathophysiology presents complex challenges requiring urgent therapeutic solutions.
  • The virus entry and replication depend on host factors like TMPRSS2 and ACE2.
  • NRF2 protein plays a crucial anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting NF-kB and suppressing pro-inflammatory genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 treatment.
  • To investigate the association between NRF2 and Sirtuins in the context of COVID-19.
  • To propose NRF2 and/or SIRT activators as potential treatments for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on COVID-19 pathophysiology and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms involving NRF2, Sirtuins, TMPRSS2, and ACE2.
  • Hypothesizing therapeutic potential based on known biological pathways.

Main Results:

  • Sirtuins deacetylate NRF2, indicating a direct association between these proteins.
  • Absence of SIRT leads to NRF2 inhibition, compromising anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory cellular defenses.
  • TMPRSS2 and ACE2 are key host factors for viral entry and replication.

Conclusions:

  • NRF2 activators may enhance anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative responses.
  • SIRT activators could restore NRF2 function, offering cellular protection.
  • Targeting NRF2 and SIRT pathways presents a promising avenue for COVID-19 therapeutic development.
Keywords:
ACE2COVID-19NRF2SIRTSIRT activatorsTMPRSS2

More Related Videos

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates14:32

Deacetylation Assays to Unravel the Interplay between Sirtuins SIRT2 and Specific Protein-substrates

Published on: February 27, 2016

8.4K
A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects05:46

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

5.3K

Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
7.9K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.7K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.7K
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
1.8K
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
5.3K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.6K