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Comparison between menstrual cups: first step to categorization and improved safety.

Hannah Manley1, John A Hunt2,3, Lívia Santos4

  • 1Medical Engineering Design Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.

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PubMed
Summary

Menstrual cups lack categorization, leading to poor choices and potential injury. This study compared cup properties, recommending firmness categories for informed consumer decisions and product safety.

Keywords:
comparisonmedical devicemenstrual cupmenstrual hygiene productmenstrual managementmenstruationwomen’s health

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Menstrual cups offer a sustainable alternative to disposable products.
  • Unlike tampons, menstrual cups are not standardized or categorized by physical properties.
  • Factors like shape, size, and firmness significantly impact menstrual cup performance, comfort, and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively compare the physical and mechanical properties of popular menstrual cups.
  • To highlight the lack of transparency and standardization in the menstrual cup market.
  • To provide a foundation for developing standardized categories for menstrual cups.

Main Methods:

  • 14 popular menstrual cups were analyzed in laboratory settings.
  • Quantitative measurements included dimensions, volume, and compressive strength (firmness).
  • Products were assessed using the Instron Universal Testing System and visual design comparison.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in total volume (18.88 mL to 38.14 mL) and compressive load (3.39 N to 13.92 N) was observed.
  • No clear correlation was found between cup size, shape, volume, material, or firmness.
  • Products marketed to the same demographic showed wide property differences.

Conclusions:

  • Consumers lack sufficient information to make informed menstrual cup choices.
  • The absence of standardized categories increases the risk of incorrect product selection, potentially causing injury.
  • Establishing firmness categories (e.g., 'very soft' to 'very firm') is recommended for improved transparency and safety.