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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Presumed tuberculosis-related scleritis.

Maite Sainz de La Maza1, Ines Hernanz2, Aina Moll-Udina3

  • 1Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain sainzdelamazamaite@gmail.com.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|November 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent scleritis with unknown cause and a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold test may be linked to tuberculosis (TB). Standard anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) proved highly effective, leading to remission in most patients.

Keywords:
infectioninflammationsclera and episclera

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Recurrent scleritis of unknown origin presents a diagnostic challenge.
  • The QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT) can indicate latent tuberculosis infection.
  • Investigating the link between QFT positivity and scleritis is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent scleritis and positive QFT.
  • To assess the therapeutic outcomes of treating presumed TB-related scleritis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 15 patients with recurrent scleritis and positive QFT.
  • Analysis of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic outcome data.
  • Assessment of remission rates following standard anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT).

Main Results:

  • The study included 15 patients (9 men, 6 women; mean age 48.9 years).
  • Scleritis was often bilateral (46.6%), recurrent (100%), and associated with prior or concomitant uveitis (66.6%) or keratitis (33.3%).
  • 11 patients (73.3%) had a history of TB infection or contact; none showed active extraocular TB. ATT achieved 93.3% remission, with some patients requiring corticosteroids or methotrexate.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent scleritis with unknown etiology and positive QFT may indicate presumed TB-related disease.
  • This condition can manifest after prior uveitis or alongside uveitis/keratitis, potentially triggered by ocular surgery.
  • ATT is an effective treatment, often in conjunction with other immunomodulatory agents.