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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Evaluating In Vitro DNA Damage Using Comet Assay
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As Maintenance Therapy, Olaparib's Benefits Continue

    Cancer Discovery
    |November 20, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Maintenance olaparib significantly extended progression-free survival for patients with advanced BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer. This 5-year follow-up of the SOLO1 trial demonstrated a median progression-free survival of 56 months with olaparib versus 13.8 months with placebo.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Genetics
    • Clinical Trials

    Background:

    • The SOLO1 trial investigated maintenance therapy for advanced ovarian cancer.
    • Patients included had BRCA mutations and completed platinum-based chemotherapy.

    Discussion:

    • Olaparib maintenance therapy demonstrated a significant improvement in progression-free survival.
    • The benefit was observed over a 5-year follow-up period.

    Key Insights:

    • Patients receiving 2 years of olaparib showed a median progression-free survival of 56 months.
    • The placebo group had a median progression-free survival of 13.8 months.
    • This highlights olaparib's efficacy in BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer.

    Outlook:

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  • Further research may explore longer-term outcomes and potential predictive biomarkers.
  • Olaparib represents a key therapeutic option for this patient population.