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Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
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Racial discrimination and core executive functions.

Luke Keating1, Amandeep Kaur2, Miguel Mendieta1

  • 1Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Jamaica, New York, USA.

Stress and Health : Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress
|November 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Racial discrimination exposure negatively impacts cognitive flexibility and working memory. Recent discrimination affects these executive functions, but not inhibitory control, suggesting distinct impacts based on exposure timing.

Keywords:
cognitionexecutive functionpsychosocialracial, ethnic, and cultural factors in healthracism

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Racial discrimination is theorized to impair executive functioning.
  • Existing data suggest both acute and persistent effects of discrimination on cognition.
  • The differential impact of discrimination on specific executive functions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between recent and lifetime racial discrimination exposure and three core executive functions: cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory.
  • To determine if discrimination differentially affects distinct executive functions.
  • To explore the timing of discrimination exposure (recent vs. lifetime) and its association with executive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a racially and ethnically diverse sample (n=319).
  • Assessed recent and lifetime exposure to racial discrimination.
  • Measured three core executive functions: cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory.

Main Results:

  • Recent racial discrimination was significantly associated with poorer cognitive flexibility.
  • Recent racial discrimination was also associated with impaired working memory.
  • No significant association was found between recent discrimination and inhibitory control.

Conclusions:

  • Recent racial discrimination negatively affects cognitive flexibility and working memory, aligning with acute stressor research.
  • The findings suggest that the timing and nature of discrimination exposure may differentially impact specific executive functions.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of discrimination on executive functions and health outcomes.