Therapeutics effect of mesenchymal stromal cells in reactive oxygen species-induced damages
Subodh Kumar1, Ranjan Verma1, Nishant Tyagi1
1Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
Abstract:
Reactive Oxygen Species are chemically unstable molecules generated during aerobic respiration, especially in the electron transport chain. ROS are involved in various biological functions; any imbalance in their standard level results in severe damage, for instance, oxidative damage, inflammation in a cellular system, and cancer. Oxidative damage activates signaling pathways, which result in cell proliferation, oncogenesis, and metastasis. Since the last few decades, mesenchymal stromal cells have been explored as therapeutic agents against various pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, acute and chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, macular degeneration, and biliary diseases. Recently, the research community has begun developing several anti-tumor drugs, but these therapeutic drugs are ineffective. In this present review, we would like to emphasize MSCs-based targeted therapy against pathologies induced by ROS as cells possess regenerative potential, immunomodulation, and migratory capacity. We have also focused on how MSCs can be used as next-generation drugs with no side effects.
Insights
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) cause cellular damage and disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show promise as a novel therapy for ROS-induced pathologies due to their unique regenerative and immunomodulatory properties.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Cell Biology
- Pathology
Background:
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration, crucial in cellular signaling but implicated in oxidative damage, inflammation, and cancer when imbalanced.
- Oxidative damage driven by ROS can trigger signaling pathways promoting cell proliferation, oncogenesis, and metastasis.
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated for therapeutic potential across diverse diseases, including cardiovascular, kidney, and neurodegenerative conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in targeted therapy against pathologies induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).
- To highlight MSCs' regenerative, immunomodulatory, and migratory capacities for treating ROS-related diseases.
- To explore MSCs as a novel, side-effect-free therapeutic strategy for ROS-induced conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the role of ROS in disease pathogenesis.
- Analysis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' biological properties and therapeutic applications.
- Synthesis of current research on MSCs for ROS-mediated pathologies and anti-tumor strategies.
Main Results:
- Imbalanced ROS levels lead to oxidative damage, inflammation, and cancer.
- MSCs possess regenerative, immunomodulatory, and migratory capabilities beneficial for therapeutic interventions.
- Current anti-tumor drugs show limitations, creating a need for novel therapeutic approaches.
Conclusions:
- MSCs offer a promising avenue for targeted therapy against ROS-induced pathologies.
- The unique properties of MSCs position them as potential next-generation therapeutics with minimal side effects.
- Further research into MSC-based therapies could revolutionize the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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