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Peri-adolescent exposure to (meth)amphetamine in animal models.

T J Phillips¹, S J Aldrich²

¹Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States.

International Review of Neurobiology

|November 21, 2021

Summary

Adolescent exposure to (meth)amphetamines can alter brain development and long-term motivation, potentially leading to negative life outcomes. Adult exposure shows different effects, highlighting risks unique to early drug experimentation.

Keywords:

Addiction Amphetamine Cognition Methamphetamine Motivation Neurotoxicity Reward Social behavior

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Pharmacology

Background:

Psychoactive drug experimentation often begins in adolescence.
Limited understanding exists regarding adolescent vs. adult drug exposure outcomes.
Animal research on (meth)amphetamines provides insights into developmental neurotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review animal research comparing peri-adolescent and adult (meth)amphetamine exposure.
To identify knowledge gaps concerning long-term consequences of early exposure.
To emphasize the importance of including adult-initiated exposure groups in studies.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of animal studies on (meth)amphetamine exposure.
Analysis of data on acute and long-term effects.
Comparison of peri-adolescent and adult exposure models.

Main Results:

Peri-adolescents exhibit lower sensitivity to acute (meth)amphetamine effects, including neurotoxicity.
Long-term consequences of adolescent exposure on motivation and cognition are variable.
Animal studies indicate that (meth)amphetamine exposure impacts motivational circuitry and cognitive function.

Conclusions:

Peri-adolescent (meth)amphetamine exposure affects brain development, impacting motivation and cognitive function.
Early exposure can alter adult sensitivity to drugs and natural rewards.
These neurobiological changes may predispose individuals to adverse social and livelihood outcomes.