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Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
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Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
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Social Disparities in the Thoracic Surgery Workforce.

DuyKhanh P Ceppa1

  • 1Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, EH215, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

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|November 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Diversity in cardiothoracic (CT) surgery is crucial but lacking, with underrepresentation of women and minority groups. Targeted initiatives and top-down leadership are needed to promote equity and meritocracy in the CT workforce.

Keywords:
DisparityDiversityInclusionWorkforce

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiothoracic Surgery
  • Surgical Workforce Diversity

Background:

  • Diversity is recognized for its positive impact on innovation, work environment, and patient care.
  • Significant underrepresentation of women (17%), Hispanic (5%), and Black (3%) individuals exists within academic cardiothoracic surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the cardiothoracic surgery workforce.
  • To emphasize the necessity of strategic initiatives to address existing disparities.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of current diversity statistics in cardiothoracic surgery.
  • Analysis of the impact of DEI on the surgical workforce and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Cardiothoracic surgery exhibits a pronounced lack of diversity, particularly concerning women and underrepresented minority groups.
  • Current diversity metrics fall significantly short of equitable representation.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent and deliberate DEI goals and initiatives are essential to rectify disparities within the cardiothoracic surgery field.
  • Top-down organizational leadership is paramount for implementing effective changes, ensuring improvements are meritocracy-based.