Review: Improving the performance of neonatal piglets

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Reproductive Biology
• Swine Production

Background:

• High preweaning mortality in piglets is linked to low birth weights and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR).
• IUGR in piglets often results from insufficient nutrient transfer in hyperprolific sows.
• Sow energy status at farrowing impacts stillbirth rates, and piglets may struggle to consume enough colostrum.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current strategies for enhancing fetal development and reducing preweaning mortality in piglets.
• To highlight the importance of sow nutrition and management for improving newborn piglet survival.
• To discuss interventions that increase colostrum yield and piglet immunoglobulin intake.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of nutritional and management strategies for sows and piglets.
• Analysis of factors affecting fetal development, birth weight, and colostrum production.
• Evaluation of post-farrowing assistance techniques for newborn piglets.

Main Results:

• Sow nutritional strategies before and during gestation can improve fetal development.
• Sow energy status at farrowing is critical for reducing stillbirths.
• Oxytocin administration can prolong the colostral phase, increasing immunoglobulin supply.

Conclusions:

• Optimizing the farrowing environment, supervising farrowing, and providing post-birth assistance are crucial for piglet survival.
• Techniques like cross-fostering and artificial milk can supplement piglet nutrition.
• Further research is needed to maximize outcomes in piglet performance and survival through advanced feeding and management strategies.