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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability
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Expandable versus Static Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cages: 1-year Radiographic Parameters and

Josha Woodward1, Lacin Koro1, Dominick Richards1

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

World Neurosurgery
|November 21, 2021
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

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Expandable cages in minimally invasive surgery transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) offer superior radiographic and clinical outcomes for degenerative disc disease compared to static cages. This study shows MIS TLIF with expandable cages is a safe and effective treatment option.

Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Expandable transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) cages are increasingly used in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for degenerative disc disease.
  • These cages offer potential advantages in increasing fusion surface area and improving lordotic correction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare radiographic and clinical outcomes of a novel expandable TLIF cage versus a static TLIF cage in MIS procedures.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of expandable cages for degenerative lumbar pathology.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 120 adult patients undergoing 1- or 2-level MIS TLIF between 2015 and 2019.
  • Patients received either an expandable cage (n=60) or a static cage (n=60).
  • Radiographic and clinical outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 1-year postoperatively.
Keywords:
Expandable intervertebral cageLumbar fusionMIS TLIFStatic intervertebral cage

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Main Results:

  • Both cage types achieved significant reductions in spondylolisthesis and improved disc heights, with greater improvements in the expandable cage cohort.
  • Fusion rates were comparable between the expandable (93%) and static (91%) cage groups.
  • The expandable cage group showed more pronounced improvements in pain and disability scores.

Conclusions:

  • Expandable cages used in MIS TLIF are a safe, equitable, and effective alternative to static cages for treating degenerative lumbar pathology.
  • The study supports the use of expandable cages for enhanced patient outcomes in MIS TLIF procedures.