Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 12, 2025
An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
Published on: May 26, 2020
Characterization and sex-related differences in the multi-location external workload profile of semiprofessional
Carlos D Gómez-Carmona1, David Mancha-Triguero1, Jose Pino-Ortega2
1Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD). Didactics of Body Expression, Music and Plastic Department, Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain.
Abstract:
Commonly, the monitoring of external workload has been performed using a single device on player's scapulae. The human body is a complex multi-articular system and quantification in a single location is insufficient, being necessary the assessment in multiple body locations simultaneously. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the multi-location external workload in men's and women's players and to analyze the sex-related differences during the most common movements in basketball. Twenty-six semi-professional basketball players (n = 13 men, n = 13 women) were evaluated in five tests: linear and curvilinear movements, changing of speed, jumping and in-game movements. PlayerLoadRT was evaluated at six anatomical locations simultaneously (scapulae, lumbar region, knees, and ankles) with WIMU PROTM inertial devices attached to the athlete using a full-body skinsuit. Statistical analysis was composed of a t-test of independent measures and Coheńs d effect size. The main results indicated: (1) the type of movement modified the external workload supported by the musculoskeletal structures; (2) sex-related differences were found in the vertical absorption of external workload (p < 0.05); (3) no sex-related differences were shown in the horizontal profile (p > 0.16). The multi-location monitoring will allow the identification of musculoskeletal structures with high vertical absorption of external load depending on sex (men > women: scapulae-lumbar and knee-ankle; women > men: lumbar-knee) and type of movement (scapulae-lumbar: decelerations; lumbar-knee: jumping; knee-ankle: in-game), just like horizontal differences in lower limb (outer > inner leg: curvilinear). Equally movements distribution throughout training sessions, strengthening and recovery programmes of high-workload muscle groups according to player's characteristics could contributed to performance enhancement and reduce injury risk.HIGHLIGHTS Men's and women's basketball players presented different vertical musculoskeletal absorption of external workload. Men presented higher absorption in scapulae - lumbar and knee - ankle segments while women did so in the lumbar - knee segment.The type of movements had a direct effect in the multi-location external workload profile.A combined effect of sex and type of movement was found in the vertical musculoskeletal absorption of the external workload profile.No sex-related differences were found in the horizontal profile regarding the type of movement.
