Modification of the effect of maturity variation on nondestructive detection of apple quality based on the
Mengsheng Zhang1, Maosheng Shen2, Hao Li2
1Northwest A&F University, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Abstract:
In this study, the effect of maturity variation on the prediction of the soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness of apples was determined using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. In 2018, 520 apples from six ripening stages were collected. The single maturity model and multi-maturity model of SSC and firmness were established using partial least-squares regression. Apples at the same and different maturity stages were used to verify the developed model. Whereas the single maturity model was affected by maturity variation, the multi-maturity model could accurately predict the SSC and firmness of apples at different maturity stages. The multi-maturity model developed based on six maturity calibration sets had the best predictive performance. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of SSC and firmness was 0.614-0.802 °Brix and 0.402-0.650 kg/cm2, respectively. The long-term performance of the optimal multi-maturity model was evaluated using validation sets. The predictive performance was decreased and the RMSEP increased when the model was used to predict the SSC and firmness of apples in different seasons. The predictive performance of the model was improved after slope/bias (S/B) correction, and the RMSEP of SSC and firmness decreased to 0.405-0.587°Brix and 0.518-0.628 kg/cm2 respectively. Overall, the multi-maturity model eliminated the effect of maturity variation, and the multi-maturity model coupled with S/B correction permitted the rapid and accurate detection of the SSC and firmness of apples at different maturity stages and in different seasons.
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