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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Viral Mutations00:36

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Viral Recombination00:57

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
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Host variations in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Doruk Altiok1, Elif Zeynep Savci1, Büşra Özkara1

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Başkent University, Ankara Turkey.

Turkish Journal of Biology = Turk Biyoloji Dergisi
|November 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Host genetic variations, specifically polymorphic variants in host proteins, significantly impact severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression. Understanding these genetic factors is crucial for diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)SARS-CoV-2host geneticspolymorphismstoll-like receptors (TLR)transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2)

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The precise mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain incompletely understood.
  • Factors such as age, sex, race, blood type, and host genetic polymorphisms are implicated in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression and severity.
  • The interplay between these factors and their collective influence on COVID-19 outcomes requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific impact of polymorphic variants in host proteins on the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • To explore how these host genetic variants influence current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for COVID-19.
  • To identify potential modifications in diagnostic and treatment strategies based on host genetic variability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and meta-analysis of studies examining host genetic polymorphisms and COVID-19.
  • Analysis of existing data on protein-pathogen interactions relevant to SARS-CoV-2.
  • Comparative analysis of diagnostic and treatment outcomes across different host genetic profiles.

Main Results:

  • Certain host protein polymorphisms are demonstrably linked to variations in COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity.
  • These genetic variants can affect the efficacy of diagnostic tests and the response to specific COVID-19 treatments.
  • The interwoven nature of epidemiological and genetic factors complicates a singular understanding of disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Host genetic variations, particularly in proteins involved in viral entry or immune response, are critical determinants of COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Personalized medicine approaches considering host polymorphisms may enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic effectiveness for COVID-19.
  • Further research into host-pathogen genetic interactions is essential for optimizing COVID-19 management strategies.