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Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
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Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions
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Advanced Technologies for Local Neural Circuits in the Cerebral Cortex.

Masaaki Endo1, Hisato Maruoka1, Shigeo Okabe1

  • 1Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
|November 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

New neurotechnologies enable high-resolution imaging and manipulation of local neural circuits, revealing their structure and function in the brain. This breakthrough offers new insights into neural network organization and processing.

Keywords:
expansion microscopylineage tracinglocal neural circuitoptical clearingspatial transcriptomicsvolumetric electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The brain's neural network comprises specialized local neural circuits.
  • Mammalian neocortex exhibits distinct cognitive functions and computational properties across regions.
  • Organizational principles of local cortical neural circuits remain largely unclarified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging neurotechnologies for analyzing local neural circuits.
  • To highlight advancements in large-scale neuronal activity and synaptic connection recording.
  • To discuss new insights into neural circuit structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Super-resolution imaging using tissue clearing and expansion microscopy.
  • Genome editing for specific cell type labeling and manipulation.
  • Multiscale analysis of neural circuit structure and function.

Main Results:

  • Innovative technologies achieve unprecedented imaging resolution and volume.
  • Advanced techniques allow discrimination of multiple cell types and their activities.
  • Breakthroughs in understanding local neural circuit organization and function.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging technologies are revolutionizing the study of local neural circuits.
  • These tools provide a multiscale approach to analyze neural network complexity.
  • New insights into brain function are being uncovered through advanced neurotechnology.