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Unravelling Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Autoimmune Diabetes: From Bench to Bedside

Linda Wu1,2,3,4, Venessa H M Tsang2,4, Sarah C Sasson4,5,6

  • 1Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|November 22, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause autoimmune diabetes (CIADM), a serious side effect. Understanding CIADM

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) revolutionized cancer treatment but can cause immune-related adverse events.
  • Checkpoint inhibitor-related autoimmune diabetes (CIADM) is a significant adverse event causing beta-cell failure and long-term morbidity.
  • Understanding CIADM is crucial for managing patients receiving ICIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the pathogenesis of CIADM.
  • To compare CIADM with classic type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies for CIADM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating endocrinology, oncology, and immunology research.
  • Analysis of existing data on ICI-induced diabetes.
  • Comparative study of CIADM and T1D.

Main Results:

  • CIADM shares some features with T1D but has distinct characteristics.
  • Pathogenesis involves complex immune dysregulation triggered by ICIs.
  • Management strategies are still evolving.

Conclusions:

  • CIADM is a growing clinical concern requiring multidisciplinary management.
  • Further research into CIADM pathogenesis may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
  • Distinguishing CIADM from T1D is important for appropriate patient care.
Keywords:
diabetes mellitusimmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)immune related adverse eventsimmunotherapytype 1 diabetes

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