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The maximum size of aggregate is defined as the aperture of the sieve retaining 15 percent or more of the particles present in the aggregate sample. The aggregate's maximum size impacts the concrete's water requirement, workability, and strength. Larger aggregates reduce the surface area needing cement paste coverage, which can lower water needs, thereby allowing a decrease in the water-to-cement ratio when the desired workability and richness of the mix are to be maintained, which can...
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Multiscale Aggregate Networks with Dense Connections for Crowd Counting.

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This study introduces the Multiscale Aggregation Network (MANet) to improve crowd counting accuracy by addressing feature loss. MANet enhances density map generation for precise crowd number estimation.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Deep Learning
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Crowd counting methods using fully convolutional networks face challenges with multiscale and contextual information loss.
  • Accurate crowd density map generation is crucial for reliable crowd counting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a novel Multiscale Aggregation Network (MANet) for enhanced crowd counting.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing methods in handling multiscale and contextual information.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a Multiscale Aggregation Network (MANet) comprising a feature extraction encoder (FEE) and a density map decoder (DMD).
  • The FEE employs a cascaded scale pyramid network for multiscale feature extraction and dense connections for contextual information.
  • The DMD utilizes deconvolution and fusion operations to generate detailed features for high-quality density maps.

Main Results:

  • MANet demonstrated superior performance compared to existing methods on four benchmark datasets (ShanghaiTech, WorldExpo'10, UCF_CC_50, and SmartCity).
  • The proposed method achieved lower mean absolute error (MAE) and mean squared error (MSE), indicating higher accuracy in crowd counting.

Conclusions:

  • The Multiscale Aggregation Network (MANet) effectively addresses multiscale and contextual loss in crowd counting.
  • MANet provides a more accurate and robust solution for estimating crowd density and counting individuals.