Prognostic Value of a Pyroptosis-Related Long Noncoding RNA Signature Associated with Osteosarcoma Microenvironment

Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent bone cancer that affects young adults and adolescents. It is the most frequent malignancy of the bone. In spite of the fact that complete surgical resection and chemotherapy have increased the overall survival of osteosarcoma patients considerably, the prognosis remains dismal in patients with recurring and/or metastasized osteosarcoma. Thus, finding predictive biomarkers representing osteosarcoma's biological variability may result in more effective treatment for osteosarcoma patients.

In this research, RNA data and clinical information were obtained from TARGET database. The risk score was calculated using a technique that incorporated both univariate and multivariate Cox regression. A variety of statistical methods were employed to assess the risk score's accuracy. These included ROC curves, nomograms, and Kaplan-Meier curves. Following that, bioinformatics studies were carried out in order to investigate the possible biological processes that influence the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. GSEA was used to investigate the variations in pathway enrichment among the different groups of genes. To examine the disparities in the immune microenvironment, the analytical methods CIBERSORT and ssGSEA were employed.

We discovered three differentially expressed lncRNAs (RPARP-AS1, AC009159.3, and AC124312.3) that are linked to osteosarcoma prognosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the presence of a signature of high-risk lncRNAs linked with a poor prognosis for osteosarcoma. Furthermore, the AUC of the lncRNAs signature was 0.773, indicating that they are useful in predicting osteosarcoma prognosis in certain cases. In predicting osteosarcoma prognosis, our risk assessment approach outperformed conventional clinicopathological characteristics. In the high-risk group of people, GSEA showed the presence of tumor-related pathways as well as immune-related pathways. Furthermore, TARGET revealed that immune-related functions such as checkpoint, T-cell coinhibition, and costimulation were significantly different between the high-risk and low-risk groups. LAIR1, LAG3, CD44, and CD22, as well as other immune checkpoints, were shown to be expressed differentially across the two risk groups.

This study established that pyroptosis-derived lncRNAs had a significant predictive value for osteosarcoma patients' survival, indicating that they may be a viable target for future therapy.