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Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus and Outcomes Amongst Neonates With Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review

Candida Pinto1, Preeti Malik2,1, Rutikbhai Desai3

  • 1Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

Cureus
|November 22, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Resolved posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) significantly reduces the risk of neurodevelopmental delay and death. Early identification and management of PHH are crucial for improved outcomes in preterm infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Neurology
  • Pediatric Critical Care
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates.
  • Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a common complication of severe IVH, impacting neurological outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of PHH in neonates diagnosed with IVH.
  • To identify factors associated with resolved versus unresolved PHH and their impact on neonatal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies published between 1978 and 2020 from PubMed.
  • Analysis of 101 IVH cases using PRISMA guidelines, including statistical analysis with chi-squared test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • 62.4% of analyzed neonates were preterm; 58.4% developed PHH.
  • Neonates with resolved PHH showed significantly lower odds of neurodevelopmental delay (OR: 0.15) and death (OR: 0.049).

Conclusions:

  • Resolved PHH in neonates with IVH is associated with a statistically significant lower risk of neurodevelopmental delay and mortality.
  • Further research is needed to explore treatment efficacy for PHH in IVH neonates.

Keywords:
hydrocephalusintraventricular hemorrhageneonatesnewbornpreterm

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