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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

118
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
118
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

108
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
108
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

73
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
73
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

89
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
89
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

70
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
70
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

196
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
196

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Isolation and Excision of Murine Aorta; A Versatile Technique in the Study of Cardiovascular Disease
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Isolated Abdominal Aortitis Following a Urinary Tract Infection.

Ala Mustafa1, Pablo Weilg2, Larry Young3

  • 1Internal Medicine, MercyOne North Iowa Medical Center, Mason City, USA.

Cureus
|November 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A woman with abdominal pain and high blood pressure was diagnosed with isolated abdominal aortitis. Prompt treatment with prednisone led to symptom resolution and no recurrence, highlighting effective steroid therapy for this condition.

Keywords:
aortitisidiopathic aortitisinfectious aortitisisolateduti

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Scleritis, an inflammatory eye condition, can be associated with systemic vasculitis.
  • Abdominal pain and new-onset hypertension in a middle-aged woman prompted investigation for underlying causes beyond initial urinary tract infection diagnosis.

Observation:

  • Despite antibiotic treatment for cystitis, the patient's hypertension and abdominal pain persisted.
  • Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed inflammatory changes consistent with aortitis.

Findings:

  • Extensive workup, including CT angiography, Doppler ultrasound, and FDG-PET, confirmed isolated abdominal aortitis.
  • Infectious causes were ruled out, and steroid therapy with prednisone was initiated.

Implications:

  • Prednisone treatment resulted in marked symptom improvement.
  • A four-month steroid taper led to complete resolution of symptoms without recurrence, highlighting the efficacy of immunosuppression in managing isolated aortitis.