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Related Concept Videos

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...

Steps in the Modeling Process

Steps in the Modeling Process

Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...

Modeling and Similitude

Modeling and Similitude

Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...

Observational Learning

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Modeling and Learning Constraints for Creative Tool Use.

Tesca Fitzgerald¹, Ashok Goel², Andrea Thomaz³

¹Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Robotics and AI

|November 22, 2021

Summary

Robots can learn to improvise tool use for novel tasks by identifying and evaluating potential tools. A learning by correction method, using human feedback, enables robots to adapt tool usage effectively.

Keywords:

cognitive robotics human-robot interaction learning from corrections tool manipulation tool transfer

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Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

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Published on: July 22, 2025

Area of Science:

Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Cognitive Science

Background:

Human creativity involves improvisation, especially in tool use when expected tools are unavailable.
Robots require advanced tool-using skills to adapt to real-world task variations.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a process for robots to improvise tool use.
To enable robots to identify and adapt to unknown task constraints for successful task completion.

Main Methods:

A high-level process for tool improvisation: identification, evaluation, and adaptation.
Highlighting the role of tooltips in tool-task pairing.
Implementing a learning by correction method with human teacher feedback.

Main Results:

Demonstrated efficacy of the learning by correction method on a physical robot.
Showcased successful within-task and across-task transfer of learned tool improvisation skills.

Conclusions:

Robots can learn to creatively adapt tool use through a structured improvisation process.
Learning by correction is an effective method for robots to acquire unknown task constraints and generalize tool use.