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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
Published on: January 25, 2019
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Viola verecunda (Violaceae)
1National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Viola verecunda is a perennial plant native to the mountainous areas of Northeast Asia. Here the complete chloroplast genome of V. verecunda and its phylogenetic relationships to other species within the genus Viola are reported. The complete chloroplast genome of V. verecunda is 157,843 bp in length and circular in structure with four regions: a large single-copy region (86,345 bp), a small single-copy region (17,292 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (27,103 bp each). The chloroplast genome contains 111 unique genes comprising 77 protein-coding, 30 unique tRNA, and 4 unique rRNA genes. Based on the protein-coding gene sequences from eight Viola chloroplast genomes, with Balanops balansae designated as the outgroup, maximum likelihood tree analysis indicates that V. verecunda is more closely related to V. raddeana than to other Viola species. The complete chloroplast genome of V. verecunda contributes to a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among Viola species.
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