Theta Dynamics Contribute to Retrieving Motor Plans after Interruptions in the Primate Premotor Area

To achieve a behavioral goal, we often need to maintain an internal action plan against external interruption and thereafter retrieve the action plan. We recently found that the maintenance and updating of motor plans are reflected by reciprocal changes in the beta and gamma power of the local field potential (LFP) of the primate medial motor areas. In particular, the maintenance of the immediate motor plan is supported by enhanced beta oscillations. However, it is unclear how the brain manages to maintain and retrieve the internal action plan against interruptions. Here, we show that dynamic theta changes contribute to the maintenance of the action plan. Specifically, the power of the theta frequency band (4-10 Hz) of LFPs increased before and during the interruption in the dorsal premotor areas in two monkeys. Without theta enhancement before the interruption, retrieval of the internal action plan was impaired. Theta and beta oscillations showed distinct changes depending on the behavioral context. Our results demonstrate that immediate and suspended motor plans are supported by the beta and theta oscillatory components of LFPs. Motor cortical theta oscillations may contribute to bridging motor plans across behavioral interruptions in a prospective manner.