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Epigenetic Forensics for Suspect Identification and Age Prediction.

Jonathan Foox1, Daniela Bezdan1, Priyanka Vijay2

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Forensic Genomics
|November 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Forensic science can now determine the age of blood samples using DNA methylation. This epigenetic age prediction enhances crime scene investigations by providing age alongside DNA identification.

Keywords:
age predictionbisulfite sequencingbloodcrime sceneepigeneticslow input sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic testing is crucial for identifying suspects and exonerating the wrongly convicted.
  • Current methods lack the ability to determine the age of DNA samples from crime scenes.
  • DNA methylation patterns offer a potential solution for epigenetic age determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the accuracy of DNA methylation markers in predicting the age of blood samples.
  • To validate the method on real-world and aged forensic samples.
  • To enhance the forensic profile derived from crime scene evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Quantifying DNA methylation at age-associated genetic loci.
  • Utilizing targeted methylation and low-input whole-genome bisulfite sequencing.
  • Analyzing blood samples from mock crime scenes and aged storage.

Main Results:

  • A strong linear coefficient (0.91) and high correlation (R² = 0.963) were observed between known and predicted sample ages.
  • Accurate age prediction was achieved for diverse blood sample types.
  • The method proved effective for samples stored for over 20 years.

Conclusions:

  • Novel DNA methylation sequencing methods can establish the epigenetic age of blood samples.
  • This technique provides an improved forensic profile, including age estimation.
  • The method can determine the age and origin of blood samples in criminal investigations.